I found this to be a great overview of overpopulation.
http://www.slideshare.net/Nicoleta01/overpopulation-2674689
According to that, the industrial revolution was far more detrimental when combined with overpopulation than now, as you said, technology is seeking to fix its past mistakes.
Oh definitely... for example, there's enough solar energy and wind energy penetrating the atmosphere (or whipping through it, in that order) to power many times the earth's current energy needs... and do so with far less detrimental impact than divulging enormous sums of previously sequestered hydrocarbons into said same atmosphere (thus notably changing not only its composition, but the oceans' as well.)
Furthermore, new techniques in desalinization and new places to produce food (skyscraper farms) can aide in getting essentials to populations without decimating quite so much of the ecostructure we rely on even as we destroy it.
But...
We do not yet know how to eat rock (other than salt.) Unless transhumanism can help us consume basic elements, there is an ultimate cap as to how many people can exist on earth, and if we start taking any more than half the biomass of the earth (we're doing far worse than that right now), what remains cannot regenerate at a pace sufficient to keep up with our demands (i.e., we're burning the candle at both ends.)
Population, regardless of technology, must be relaxed significantly. It would be nice if people would just recognize this fact and voluntarily (and with good cheer) pro-actively have just one child for a few generations... but when have people ever been truly reasonable? =P
Space exploration may be our only way out without fundamentally having to change who we are (and even that WILL fundamentally change who we are, whether we believe it yet or not.)
Heeeee, sorry... favourite topics of mine all wrapped into one.