To me introverted intuition operates somewhere between the conscious and subconscious, integrating sensory data and knowledge into a cogent mental image. Ni holds things both as perceived and understood, and can involve a broad vision/knowledge/sense of likely antecedents, present interpretations, and future possibilities. Fast conscious intuitive work then takes over sorting and prioritising the likelihood, desirability, consistency, etc. of each possible combination of various past, present and future variables to deduce the most likely scenarios.
Examples?
It is a constant process, but for example, walking into a room, the way that people are sitting/standing, looking at each other, looking at me already starts to form a broad picture. Then the way that people start talking and the order in which they talk virtually eliminates an explanation of roles. By the time I have started to read the first page of reports I already have an idea of problematic organisational structures/relationships and the possible problems these can create. I am seldom surprised by anything I end up reading, because I had already foreseen it as a possible and likely outcome of what I had initially observed. The field of solutions to problems are also very intense with me, and sometimes people are shocked that I'll hypothesize out loud about what I think might need to be done. The response is sometimes explicit: "It took us months to come up with some recommendations along the lines you are saying", other times people look at each other, as though one of them had briefed me before my arrival.
Of course, even though I trust my intuition, there is always a lot of work to verify it in a way that can check/verify/demonstrate its validity. On the odd occasion when I've gotten it completely wrong, it's because there has been some very careful deception/omission which both sends me into a short time of confusion, as entire fields of possibilities are wiped out and new ones start forming. I regain my clarity when closure approaches.