Are we slaves to time? | INFJ Forum

Are we slaves to time?

muir

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http://www.wakingtimes.com/2014/05/05/truth-will-set-free-time-exist/

[h=1]The Truth Will Set You Free: Time Does Not Exist[/h]
Why Time Does Not Exist
When we ask ourselves why we think time exists, most of us would say: because we see everything changing, always. And so it is: everything in and around us is constantly changing, from beginning until the end.
The question however is: is the reason for this perpetual change to be found outside the changing subject (caused by a phenomena called time) or is all change coming from inside the changing subject itself?
I don’t think that it is hard to see that the latter is correct. That which makes things change (the cycle of life) to a flower, a human being or an animal is set by the characteristics of that particular life’s form and not by an outer cause such as time. What we call ‘time’ is just a method for measuring the ‘perpetual change’.
Because of our need to measure this perpetual change we decided to divide the ‘cyclic changes’ such as seasons and day and night, into months, twenty-four hours, minutes etc. These well-known changes are caused by the ever-moving planetary positions within our solar system and not because there exists such a thing as ‘time’.
So, there are no minutes, but we decided that after counting 60 (seconds) we say that a minute has passed. Based on minutes we calculate hours, days, months, years, centuries etc.
In this way we can count the number of heartbeats per minute, years from birth to death and we even can calculate the number of years from the Big Bang until today.
But we also say: ‘it seems as if time has stood still (in that old village), nothing has changed`.
Actually there is only NOW — in which all that is manifested appeared, changes and disappears.
Because we ourselves are part of this process of change it might be difficult for us to grasp that we ourselves too are just changing in the eternal now. If we are able to look upon ourselves from outside our moving train (witnessing our life passing by), we will probably be able to see that the now always is and that we are passing through this eternal, unmoving, NOW.
As we know, Albert Einstein became famous because of his theory of relativity. In our context it is interesting to understand that Einstein studied the method of calculating time.
He discovered: a moment in time from my position need not necessarily to be the same from your position.
I do not know whether Einstein ever stated that time does not exist at all. As for me, he had better have said so!
It may be wise and good for a better understanding to give some more examples of the methods of measuring we use daily and which are also based on non-existing principles.
Distance: a centimeter, meter, kilometer, mile, etc. do not exist but we have agreed what emptiness we bridge to call it a meter.
Weight: a gram, ounce, kilo, ton, etc. do not exist, but again, we have agreed what heaviness we will call one kilo.
These calculating methods are of course most useful and indispensable in our daily life.
Because we are not aware that time does not exist, we do not feel the need to focus on the now in which our life takes place. However, it would have been much wiser if our ancestors (and we) had done so in the past. Read on to see why…


[h=3]The Eternal Now[/h] The infinite space of the universe extends to `the place where we live’. Even so: who, when and where we are, we have appeared and will disappear in the immutable reality of space, the void in which all changes take place.
The Greek scholars from the past called this void: ‘Being’ or the ‘Absolute’ because it refers to that which cannot be NOT, which is absolute.
What more can be said about this absolute: it is unchangeable (but all that appears in it changes constantly), it is omnipresent (there is no place where it is not) and it is timeless (no beginning, no change, no ending).
During history there have always been people who were able to see through daily life’s reality and who discovered the absolute reality of the eternal now (they dis-covered that which was covered before).
Surprisingly this discovery of the absolute turned out to be of the utmost importance for the one who had such an experience. An intense awareness of the eternal now can be considered as an existential experience. One realizes: my existence is fundamentally connected with the eternal now, the timeless.
In our culture and ‘time’ transcendental experiences like these are quite rare and distrusted by philosophers and psychologists, but in former days such experiences were considered as being mystical or religious. It has been like this for thousands of years, in different cultures and periods of time.
It is quite remarkable that people who live from the awareness of the absolute, always are pictured with a circle (aureole) around their head. A circle has no beginning and no end and in this way symbolizes the timeless, the eternal now.
It is obvious that artists in former ages, in different cultures and different times, never could have communicated how to depict the ‘knower of the absolute’.
It is amazing that ‘they who live from the timelessness’ always are presented with the same type of symbolism. See the saints and sages in Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism.
With this reference to the great world religions (in Islam picturing of holy people is not permitted) the meaning of living from the eternal (the timelessness) gets an extra dimension. It is not just that ‘someone has occasionally seen through the illusion of time’ but it looks as if the understanding of the reality of the eternal is so impressive, that it may have been the beginning of religious thinking of mankind.
[h=3]The Meaning of the Absolute Within Weligion[/h] Above I said: ‘An intense awareness of the eternal now can be considered as an existential experience. One realizes: my existence is fundamentally connected with the eternal now, the timeless`.
In former cultures these mystical experiences and their possible meaning were thoroughly investigated. As a result of this all major cultures concluded (although formulated by each in its own way): living from the awareness of the timeless, the absolute, gives people insight into the meaning of life and gives them real happiness (‘liberation’).

How this conclusion is to be found in each of the great world religions (excluding Islam in this context) will be shown in following examples:
Hinduism: the essence of the oldest of the great world religions is to be found in the Upanishads (written down in the period between 800 and 300 BC). These writings contain the quintessence of an age old, from generation to generation orally passed on spiritual tradition.
The topics covered run always to: That (the timeless, the absolute) is what you are in your innermost self (the mantra Tat Tvam Asi). Or: the absolute and the visible world are connected (Sat, the absolute and Ti, all that is, are connected, Yam. This became the mantra Satyam).
And also: real happiness for a human being is not to be found in temporary (changing) things, but only in the unchangeable, the timeless absolute. Consequently people are advised to conquer their need for temporary pleasures, on behalf of the liberating insight into the reality of the relationship with the eternal now, the absolute.
The original Hindu scriptures were written in the Sanskrit language. In this language the mystical visions of people from very long ago are presented to us with a timeless relevance.
Buddhism: like all great cultures, Hinduism too went through a period of relapse after a period of strength. When realization of the mystic reality of existence threatens to be replaced by believing in a transcendental power (God), the profound meaning of a on realty (the absolute) based spirituality gets lost and confusion arises.
This has been the reason for Buddhism to manifest. About 2500 years ago Prince Gautama realized the unity of the essence of man with the timeless, the absolute, and he became the Buddha (enlightened one).
In order to avoid confusion as mentioned in Hindu culture, he did not talk about the highest state of spiritual knowledge. He just called that state ‘Nirvana’. This word literally means ‘extinction’. This refers to the bright (motionless) state of self-awareness which remains when the restless thinking (the ego) is extinguished (meaning, came to rest).
With this living from the changeable (time) has evolved into living from the unchangeable (timelessness).
Christianity: Like Hinduism (and so Buddhism) has its roots in the distant past, Christianity is rooted in the old Jewish culture. Here too people were (are) aware of the ‘bond’ between God and man (that this bond applies to the Jews exclusively must be a ‘misunderstanding’).
The culture in which Jesus appeared was spiritually of a much lower level than the Hindu culture of those days, where the unity of the human soul and the absolute was (is) the main issue of the scriptures.
Obviously Jesus himself was very well aware of this unity, as his words are telling us. He had to speak in parables however, because people in his days were not ready yet to understand profound metaphysical teachings. By speaking in parables he hoped to bring people to self-knowledge and eventually to the liberating insight into man’s relationship with the absolute, which he called father or God.
The best known sayings of the ‘son of God’ are: ‘I and the father are one’ and ‘the kingdom of heaven is within you’. These are very strong expressions of his vision of the unity of man and the timeless, the absolute.
It is not so that only the ancient Hindu sages, Buddha and Jesus fathomed the ‘secret of life’. They kindled the flame of insight and many dedicated their life to it, no doubt with all experiences of hardship and fulfillment belonging to the spiritual path.
Probably it also has not been so that the non-existence of time has been exclusively taught in the spiritual education of people in the past. But we can be sure that the ‘saints’ in religious cultures have seen through the illusion of time (remember the symbol of the timeless, the aureole).
All religions have developed their own basic values and formed their own traditions. It is very disappointing however to see that religions in general failed to reach their common goal: to guide people toward the liberating insight into their relationship with that which became them: the timeless absolute (God). If this had been different, the world would be in a completely different situation.
What went wrong and which are the consequences?
[h=3]The Catastrophe of Not Knowing the Timeless, the Absolute[/h] It goes wrong with the passing on of spiritual knowledge, when ‘the student wants to be the master’.
In ancient India the sages tried to prevent ‘spiritual pollution’ by sharing their knowledge only with initiates. In our Christian tradition something very amazing (‘catastrophic’) happened in about the year 300. The Christian way of life became ‘institutionalized’. This means that people were supposed to no longer try to understand and to follow Jesus in their own way, but a church organization was established which controls the Christian doctrines even today.

This means that the interpretation of the message of Jesus was left in the hands of people (always men) of who Christians had to accept had a better understanding of what Jesus wanted them to understand than they themselves and that they (the church) laid down conscientiously what they should believe and what not.
Impulses from people to deepen or to renew the official Christian doctrine were (are) not appreciated and for hundreds of years people even ended up at the stake when they deviated from the official doctrine (remember for instance the Cathars, who were exterminated to the last man).
In this way the teaching of Jesus was transformed into a belief and the incentive for people to obtain wisdom themselves was put out. Even worse: actually ‘believing’ became another word for ‘hoping’ …
Thus Christianity gives hope in exchange for loyalty to the doctrine.
What is this? A crime against humanity or a blessing for humanity?
The consequences of the omitting of the incentive for people to realize the timeless themselves are of an importance beyond our comprehension. Where religion should touch a man in the very depth of his being (in the euphoria of experiencing unity with the radiant and inexhaustible source of life) a superficial notion of profound teachings remains.
Not only can this lead to doubt and rejection, but also our deeply hidden ethical consciousness (which wants us to act and to be in harmony with the timeless which has become us) is notor insufficiently touched.
Thus superficiality instead of spirituality became the foundation of our Christian society.
The disasters which this superficiality has brought mankind are easy to define. To name just a few: from crusades, religious persecution, slavery, imperialism and world wars (including the Holocaust), we come to the scourges of our time such as unbridled capitalism (‘culture of greed’) and the exploitation of our beautiful earth (resulting in climate change and energy shortage).
At the individual level, the lack of depth of our Christian culture leads to selfishness (insufficient empathy for our neighbors), stress (focus on the result rather than the correctness of an action), blurring of moral values (anything should be possible) and confusion (‘what is the meaning of my life’).
As western civilization based on Christianity has been dominant for centuries in many parts of the world (with misplaced arrogance versus a misunderstood eastern depth) the spiritual superficiality has spread widely.
Today the by Christianity initiated estrangement from our source (started by eliminating the search for the transcendental, the eternal now) seems not to reverse anymore. Even more, in recent years, by the ever developing communication technology, a new dimension has been added. Uncritically we led the younger generation believe that they need to be ‘connected anytime and anywhere with anybody’. It is clear that in particular commercial motives are behind this. No doubt the strategy of ‘consumer control’ will be continued (via the Google-glasses, cell phones and chip), creating a kind of robotic human beings. No free will and a little pill at each sign of displeasing behavior.
[h=3]How to Move On[/h] The lack of the knowledge of the transcendental reality (the timeless that has become us and the entire world) is not felt by humans as such. We blame our ‘feelings of unease’ on various visible reasons such as our job, our relationships, society, etc. If it stays like this, our fate will stay in the hands of the dominating powers in the world (politics, economics). Will thus improve our situation? If in doubt, consider the following:
Wouldn’t it be great if the entire world should understand that what we call ‘time’ actually is our own process of change? A huge cosmic process happening in the eternal now!
Wouldn’t this awaken us and make us realize that all together and inspired by the eternal now, we can take the next step in our spiritual evolution?
This really would make a difference. People should strive to adapt to life as it should be, which means taking responsibility for the earth and its inhabitants.
The insight into the illusion of time focusses us on the NOW. With this we stand at the door of mystical knowledge about our origin and destiny. Remember what Jesus said? ‘Knock and thou shalt be opened’.
Elaborate a little?
If you really understand that time does not exist and that your life takes place in the eternal now, then focus on this eternal now daily and try to hold to that for a while (‘knocking on the door’). One day the door will open and you will see: ‘It’ is the same on both sides. God is immanent as well as transcendent …
The realization of the timeless (the absolute, reality) widely, could be the axis that sets a global spiritual awakening in motion. This will bring forth the best in people and give the so badly needed ‘wisdom’ a chance to transform the world.
Thus, my advice: don’t throw your watch away, but try to live from the eternal NOW …

[h=6]About the Author[/h] Hans Meijer is the author of Initiation Into Reality, and a mystic who was “initiated into Reality” at the age of 21. The first 10 years after his initiation author spent to integrate the “Divine Knowledge” in his daily life, without speaking about it to anybody. He became an accountant and started a family. For his job he lived for eight years at Curacao (Caribbean) where he started lecturing (1975). Back in Holland (1977) author continued lecturing and developed workshops aiming at “Initiation”. For more than 20 years he taught “ancient spiritual widom” in the Netherlands. In 2000 he ended his worldly career and retired into the French Pyrenees. Please visit his website, www.initiationintoreality.com.
This article is offered under Creative Commons license. It’s okay to republish it anywhere as long as attribution bio is included and all links remain intact.
 
I'm going to borrow a video from [MENTION=2578]Kgal[/MENTION]:

[video=vimeo;74422757]http://vimeo.com/74422757#at=0[/video]
 
The greek god Chronos was the personification of TIME. He was known to the romans as Saturn and the modern day festival of 'christimas' has been overlaid over the old roman feast of 'saturnalia'

The day of the week 'saturday' is named after saturn

Saturn is known as 'father time' and is often depicted with a scythe much like the common depiction of death

The following clip looks at the importance of saturn to the old mystery schools and how the square hats students wear on graduation as well as the uniforms of judges in court are all saturnian

Time is what controls our behaviour within our system; we are all constantly lookign at clocks and watches to find out when we must do something. But is time just a perception?

[video=youtube;iIUG-NSLH24]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIUG-NSLH24[/video]
 
http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/6056...er-dimensions/

Astronomer Says Spiritual Phenomena Exist in Other Dimensions

By Tara MacIsaac, Epoch Times | April 7, 2014



Astronomer and mathematician Bernard Carr theorizes that many of the phenomena we experience but cannot explain within the physical laws of this dimension actually occur in other dimensions.
Bernard-carr.jpg

Bernard Carr (Wikimedia Commons)
Albert Einstein stated that there are at least four dimensions. The fourth dimension is time, or spacetime, since Einstein said space and time cannot be separated. In modern physics, theories about the existence of up to 11 dimensions and the possibility of more have gained traction.
Carr, a professor of mathematics and astronomy at Queen Mary University of London, says our consciousness interacts with another dimension. Furthermore, the multi-dimensional universe he envisions has a hierarchical structure. We are at the lowest-level dimension.
“The model resolves well-known philosophical problems concerning the relationship between matter and mind, elucidates the nature of time, and provides an ontological framework for the interpretation of phenomena such as apparitions, OBEs [out-of-body experiences], NDEs [near-death-experiences], and dreams,” he wrote in a conference abstract.
Carr reasons that our physical sensors only show us a 3-dimensional universe, though there are actually at least four dimensions. What exists in the higher dimensions are entities we cannot touch with our physical sensors. He said that such entities must still have a type of space to exist in.
“The only non-physical entities in the universe of which we have any experience are mental ones, and … the existence of paranormal phenomena suggests that mental entities have to exist in some sort of space,” Carr wrote.
The other-dimensional space we enter in dreams overlaps with the space where memory exists. Carr says telepathy signals a communal mental space and clairvoyance also contains a physical space. “Non-physical percepts have attributes of externality,” he wrote in his book “Matter, Mind, and Higher Dimensions.”
He builds on previous theories, including the Kaluza–Klein theory, which unifies the fundamental forces of gravitation and electromagnetism. The Kaluza–Klein theory also envisions a 5-dimensional space.



In “M-theory,” there are 11 dimensions. In superstring theory, there are 10. Carr understands this as a 4-dimensional “external” space—meaning these are the four dimensions in Einstein’s relativity theory—and a 6- or 7-dimensional “internal” space—meaning these dimensions relate to psychic and other “intangible” phenomena.
 
http://redicecreations.com/article.php?id=25442

Decoding Space and Time in the Brain
2013 06 04
By Aiden Arnold | ScientificAmerican
25441decodingspacetime.jpg

“…henceforth, space by itself, and time by itself, are doomed to fade away into mere shadows, and only a kind of union between the two will preserve an independent reality.”​
This now iconic quote spoken by Hermann Minkowski in 1906 captured the spirit of Albert Einstein’s recently published special theory of relativity. Einstein, in a stroke of mathematical genius, had shown that both space and time as independent mathematical constructs were mere illusions in the equations of relativity, conceding instead to a 4-dimensional construct which Minkowski adroitly termed space-time. While most people are familiar with the ensuing influence Einstein’s ideas had on both the academic and public conception of the physical universe, few people are aware a similar revolution against space and time is underway in the fields of experimental psychology and neuroscience.

Space in the Brain

Spatial cognition is the study of how the mind’s cognitive architecture perceives, organizes and interacts with physical space. It has long been of interest to philosophers and scientists, with perhaps the biggest historical step towards our modern ideas occurring within Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason (1781/1787). Kant argued that space as we know it is a preconscious organizing feature of the human mind, a scaffold upon which we’re able to understand the physical world of objects, extension and motion. In a sense, space to Kant was a window into the world, rather than a thing to be perceived in it.

While philosophers following Kant have debated his theory on space perception, it served to lay the groundwork for the twentieth century empirical investigation into how the mind constructs the space that we experience. A key piece to how this happens was provided in 1948 by American psychologist Edward Tolman.

Tolman’s main interest was studying the behavior of rats in mazes – specifically, he was interested in whether a rat came to understand the layout of an environment through purely behavioral mechanisms, or if there was a cognitive process underlying their navigation ability. In his studies, Tolman found that rats were able to efficiently navigate to locations in a maze that had never been behaviorally reinforced, suggesting that rats spontaneously formed a mental representation of the maze which allowed them to mentally identify locations and plan routes to reach a specific destination. This mental representation was termed a ‘cognitive map’, which Tolman hypothesized as the primary means through which mammals – rats and humans alike – learned about and navigated through spatial environments.

Although the idea of a cognitive map became widespread in the 1960s with the growth of cognitive psychology, Tolman himself did little to elaborate on the processes involved in forming and using a cognitive map. Particularly, it remained unclear how cognitive maps differed from other potential strategies of navigation and spatial learning, and whether scientists could identify its neural basis.

These issues were addressed by John O’Keefe and his colleagues in the 1970s through a series of studies that cumulated in an elegant theory proposed in the aptly titled book The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map (1976). In this publication, O’Keefe and Lynn Nadel proposed that a specific population of neurons in the hippocampus – a brain region implicated in various memory processes – were responsible for encoding the location of a mammal within space. This group of neurons were dubbed place cells, and by using direct recordings in the rat hippocampus were shown to have increased firing frequency as a rat entered a particular location within an environment.

Strikingly, the locations in which place cells fire appears fixed over repeated exposure to an environment, anchoring themselves to environmental landmarks. O’Keefe and Nadel believed that these place cells form the neurological basis of a cognitive map – a map defined by the interrelations of the different elements that compose an environment. Research in the early 2000s on epileptic patients undergoing seizure monitoring confirmed the existence of place cells in the human hippocampus, which were shown to function in similar manner to what had previously been documented in studies on other mammals.

Place cells themselves appear sufficient to represent locations within an environment. However, due to the malleability of their firing locations in response to certain experimental manipulations such as rearranging the location of environmental landmarks, it is unclear whether they are capable of providing the spatial framework through which we construct our experience of the world.

A second class of cells first identified by the husband and wife team of Edvard and May-Britt Moser and their students in 2005 may provide the answer. Termed grid cells, these neurons exhibit firing patterns that closely resemble a hexagonal grid. Unlike place cells, the regularity observed in the firing patterns of grid cells does not appear to be derived from environmental features, or any type of sensory information. Rather, they appear to code a spatial structure that is generated internally within the brain and use it to scaffold the external environment, much in the same manner that Kant had anticipated. Interestingly, grid cells have been identified primarily within an area of the brain called the entorhinal cortex, one of the primary neural inputs to the hippocampus, suggesting that grid cells provide a source of the spatial framework upon which cognitive maps of environments are formed.

Time in the Brain

Time has proven to be a much more elusive concept for both psychology and neuroscience. Despite numerous decades of research, the majority of what we know about time representation in the brain comes from two lines of research: how overlapping events are parsed into discrete episodes and the sequential ordering of those events into a temporal framework.

It had been hypothesized since the 1970s that the hippocampus is critical for separating patterns of experience into the independent episodes that occupy the content of our episodic memory system. However, this hypothesis rested largely on findings from neuropsychology, where brain lesions to the hippocampus impaired both pattern separation and pattern completion ability, and from computational modeling studies deconstructing how episodic memory systems operate.

In the early 2000s, direct evidence to support the role of the hippocampus in parsing and sequencing episodic events began to emerge from both animal and human studies. Using an array of experimental methodologies, researchers found that the hippocampus is crucial for encoding the order of visual stimuli – whether pictures on a computer screen or landmarks in an environment – and that it expresses unique patterns of activity during overlapping segments of routes through an environment.

The latter finding is particularly important, as it counters a purely place cell model of hippocampal function during navigation. In such a model it would be expected that hippocampal activity is consistent during overlapping route segments, as a person’s physical location is the same through these portions of an environment. This suggests that the hippocampus is involved in representing more than simply the spatial layout of an environment.

[...]

Read the full article at: scientificamerican.com
 
http://redicecreations.com/article.php?id=25414

"Laws of Physics for a Holographic Universe" --New Theories of Space-Time
2013 06 01
From: Daily Galaxy
25413holographicuni.jpg

Researchers at the University of Southampton have taken a significant step in a project to unravel the secrets of the structure of our Universe.

One of the main recent advances in theoretical physics is the holographic principle. According to this idea, our Universe may be thought of as a hologram and we would like to understand how to formulate the laws of physics for such a holographic Universe.

A new paper released by Professor Skenderis and Dr Marco Caldarelli from the University of Southampton, Dr Joan Camps from the University of Cambridge and Dr Blaise Gout̩raux from the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics, Sweden published in Physical Review D, makes connections between negatively curved space-time and flat space-time. The paper AdS/Ricci-flat correspondence and the Gregory-Laflamme instability specifically explains what is known as the Gregory Laflamme instability, where certain types of black hole break up into smaller black holes when disturbed Рrather like a thin stream of water breaking into little droplets when you touch it with your finger. This black hole phenomenon has previously been shown to exist through computer simulations and this work provides a deeper theoretical explanation.

Space-time is usually understood to describe space existing in three dimensions, with time playing the role of a fourth dimension and all four coming together to form a continuum, or a state in which the four elements can’t be distinguished from each other.

Flat space-time and negative space-time describe an environment in which the Universe is non-compact, with space extending infinitely, forever in time, in any direction. The gravitational forces, such as the ones produced by a star, are best described by flat-space time. Negatively curved space-time describes a Universe filled with negative vacuum energy. The mathematics of holography is best understood for negatively curved space-times.

Professor Skenderis has developed a mathematic model which finds striking similarities between flat space-time and negatively curved space-time, with the latter however formulated in a negative number of dimensions, beyond our realm of physical perception.

"According to holography, at a fundamental level the universe has one less dimension than we perceive in everyday life and is governed by laws similar to electromagnetism," says Skenderis. "The idea is similar to that of ordinary holograms where a three-dimensional image is encoded in a two-dimensional surface, such as in the hologram on a credit card, but now it is the entire Universe that is encoded in such a fashion.

[...]

Read the full article at: dailygalaxy.com
 
http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/april-2014/searching-for-the-holographic-universe

[h=1]Searching for the holographic universe[/h] Physicist Aaron Chou keeps the Holometer experiment—which looks for a phenomenon whose implications border on the unreal—grounded in the realities of day-to-day operations.



Leah Hesla

The beauty of the small operation—the mom-and-pop restaurant or the do-it-yourself home repair—is that pragmatism begets creativity. The industrious individual who makes do with limited resources is compelled onto paths of ingenuity, inventing rather than following rules to address the project’s peculiarities.
As project manager for the Holometer experiment at Fermilab, physicist Aaron Chou runs a show that, though grandiose in goal, is remarkably humble in setup. Operated out of a trailer by a small team with a small budget, it has the feel more of a scrappy startup than of an undertaking that could make humanity completely rethink our universe.
The experiment is based on the proposition that our familiar, three-dimensional universe is a manifestation of a two-dimensional, digitized space-time. In other words, all that we see around us is no more than a hologram of a more fundamental, lower-dimensional reality.
If this were the case, then space-time would not be smooth; instead, if you zoomed in on it far enough, you would begin to see the smallest quantum bits—much as a digital photo eventually reveals its fundamental pixels.
In 2009, the GEO600 experiment, which searches for gravitational waves emanating from black holes, was plagued by unaccountable noise. This noise could, in theory, be a telltale sign of the universe’s smallest quantum bits. The Holometer experiment seeks to measure space-time with far more precision than any experiment before—and potentially observe effects from those fundamental bits.
Such an endeavor is thrilling—but also risky. Discovery would change the most basic assumptions we make about the universe. But there also might not be any holographic noise to find. So for Chou, managing the Holometer means building and operating the apparatus on the cheap—not shoddily, but with utmost economy.
Thus Chou and his team take every opportunity to make rather than purchase, to pick up rather than wait for delivery, to seize the opportunity and take that measurement when all the right people are available.
“It’s kind of like solving a Rubik’s cube,” Chou says. “You have an overview of every aspect of the measurement that you’re trying to make. You have to be able to tell the instant something doesn’t look right, and tell that it conflicts with some other assumption you had. And the instant you have a conflict, you have to figure out a way to resolve it. It’s a lot of fun.”
Chou is one of the experiment’s 1.5 full-time staff members; a complement of students rounds out a team of 10. Although Chou is essentially the overseer, he runs the experiment from down in the trenches.




Aaron Chou, project manager 
for Fermilab’s Holometer, tests the experiment’s instrumentation.



Photo by: Reidar Hahn, Fermilab





The Holometer experimental area, for example, is a couple of aboveground, dirt-covered tunnels whose walls don’t altogether keep out the water after a heavy rain. So any time the area needs the attention of a wet-dry vacuum, he and his team are down on the ground, cheerfully squeegeeing, mopping and vacuuming away.
“That’s why I wear such shabby clothes,” he says. “This is not the type of experiment where you sit behind the computer and analyze data or control things remotely all day long. It’s really crawling-around-on-the-floor kind of work, which I actually find to be kind of a relief, because I spent more than a decade sitting in front of a computer for more well-established experiments where the installation took 10 years and most of the resulting experiment is done from behind a keyboard.”
As a graduate student at Stanford University, Chou worked on the SLD experiment at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, writing software to help look for parity violation in Z bosons. As a Fermilab postdoc on the Pierre Auger experiment, he analyzed data on ultra-high-energy cosmic rays.
Now Chou and his team are down in the dirt, hunting for the universe’s quantum bits. In length terms, these bits are expected to be on the smallest scale of the universe, the Planck scale: 1.6 x 10[SUP]-35[/SUP] meters. That’s roughly 10 trillion trillion times smaller than an atom; no existing instrument can directly probe objects that small. If humanity could build a particle collider the size of the Milky Way, we might be able to investigate Planck-scale bits directly.
The Holometer instead will look for a jitter arising from the cosmos’ minuscule quanta. In the experiment’s dimly lit tunnels, the team built two interferometers, L-shaped configurations of tubes. Beginning at the L’s vertex, a laser beam travels down each of the L’s 40-meter arms simultaneously, bounces off the mirrors at the ends and recombines at the starting point. Since the laser beam’s paths down each arm of the L are the same length, absent a holographic jitter, the beam should cancel itself out as it recombines. If it doesn’t, it could be evidence of the jitter, a disruption in the laser beam’s flight.
And why are there two interferometers? The two beam spots’ particular brightening and dimming will match if it’s the looked-for signal.
“Real signals have to be in sync,” Chou says. “Random fluctuations won’t be heard by both instruments.”
Should the humble Holometer find a jitter when it looks for the signal—researchers will soon begin the initial search and expect results by 2015—the reward to physics would be extraordinarily high, especially given the scrimping behind the experiment and the fact that no one had to build an impossibly high-energy, Milky Way-sized collider. The data would support the idea that the universe we see around us is only a hologram. It would also help bring together the two thus-far-irreconcilable principles of quantum mechanics and relativity.
“Right now, so little experimental data exists about this high-energy scale that theorists are unable to construct any meaningful models other than those based on speculation,” Chou says. “Our experiment is really a mission of exploration—to obtain data about an extremely high-energy scale that is otherwise inaccessible.”
What’s more, when the Holometer is up and running, it will be able to look for other phenomena that manifest themselves in the form of high-frequency gravitational waves, including topological defects in our cosmos—areas of tension between large regions in space-time that were formed by the big bang.
“Whenever you design a new apparatus, what you’re doing is building something that’s more sensitive to some aspect of nature than anything that has ever been built before,” Chou says. “We may discover evidence of holographic jitter. But even if we don’t, if we’re smart about how we use our newly built apparatus, we may still be able to discover new aspects of our universe.”




[h=3]During an exceptionally snowy winter, Aaron Chou and Vanderbilt University student Brittany Kamai make their way to the Holometer’s modest home base, a relatively isolated trailer on the Fermilab prairie.


[/h] Photo by: Reidar Hahn, Fermilab